Amateka y'umutaka w'imvura mu by'ukuri ntabwo atangirana n'inkuru y'umutaka w'imvura na gato. Ahubwo, umutaka w'imvura wo muri iki gihe wabanje gukoreshwa atari mu kurinda ikirere cy'imvura, ahubwo mu kurinda izuba. Uretse inkuru zimwe na zimwe zo mu Bushinwa bwa kera, umutaka w'imvura watangiye ari umutaka (ijambo rikoreshwa cyane mu kuvuga igicucu cy'izuba) kandi ryanditswe ko ryakoreshwaga mu turere nka Roma ya kera, Ubugereki bwa kera, Misiri ya kera, Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati n'Ubuhinde kuva mu kinyejana cya 4 Mbere ya Yesu Birumvikana ko izi mpapuro za kera z'umutaka w'imvura wo muri iki gihe zakozwe kandi zubatswe hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bitandukanye cyane nk'amababa, amababi cyangwa uruhu, ariko imiterere y'umutaka isa cyane n'ibicuruzwa biboneka muri iki gihe.
Kenshi na kenshi, agahu k'izuba cyangwa parasol byakoreshwaga cyane cyane n'abagore mu bihe bya kera, ariko abagize ubwami, abapadiri n'abandi banyacyubahiro bakunze kugaragara mu mashusho ya kera arimo ibi byabanjirije imitaka y'imvura yo muri iki gihe. Byageze kure cyane mu bihe bimwe na bimwe ku buryo Abami batangazaga niba abaturage babo bemerewe gukoresha parasol cyangwa batabyemerewe, bagaha icyubahiro abo yakundaga cyane gusa.
Abahanga mu by'amateka benshi, bigaragara ko ikoreshwa ry'umutaka w'imvura (ni ukuvuga mu kwirinda imvura) ryakunze kugaragara kugeza mu kinyejana cya 17 (harimo inkuru zimwe na zimwe zo mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 16) mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe by'i Burayi, Abataliyani, Abafaransa n'Abongereza ari bo bari imbere. Inzu z'umutaka zo mu myaka ya 1600 zari ziboshywe mu hariri, zatangaga ubushobozi buke bwo kwirinda amazi ugereranije n'iz'imvura zo muri iki gihe, ariko imiterere yihariye y'inzu nta yindi yari imeze nk'uko byari bimeze mbere. Ndetse no mu myaka ya 1600, imitaka y'imvura yafatwaga nk'ikintu cy'abagore b'abanyacyubahiro gusa, abagabo bagaseka iyo bayibonanye.
Hagati mu kinyejana cya 18, umutaka w’imvura wagiye uhinduka ikintu cya buri munsi mu bagore, ariko kugeza igihe Umwongereza Jonas Hanway yashushanyaga umutaka w’imvura mu mihanda ya Londres mu 1750, ni bwo abagabo batangiye kubyitaho. Nubwo Hanway yabanje gushinyagurirwa, yatwaraga umutaka w’imvura aho yajyaga hose, kandi mu mpera z’imyaka ya 1700, umutaka w’imvura wabaye ikintu gisanzwe mu bagabo n’abagore. Mu by’ukuri, mu mpera z’imyaka ya 1700 no mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1800, “Hanway” yahindutse irindi zina ry’umutaka w’imvura.
Mu myaka ya 1800 kugeza ubu, ibikoresho byakoreshejwe mu gukora imitaka y'imvura byarahindutse, ariko imiterere y'ibanze y'igisenge iracyariho. Amagufwa y'inyange yasimbuwe n'ibiti, hanyuma icyuma, aluminiyumu none ubu ni fiberglass kugira ngo hakorwe umugozi n'imbavu, kandi imyenda ya nylon igezweho yasimbuwe na silk, amababi n'ubwoya nk'uburyo bwo kwirinda ikirere.
Muri Ovida Umbrella, imitaka yacu y'imvura ifata igishushanyo mbonera cya gakondo cyo mu 1998 ikagihuza n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, imyenda yacu n'imiterere n'amabara byayo kugira ngo hakorwe umutaka w'imvura mwiza kandi ugezweho ku bagabo n'abagore b'iki gihe. Twizere ko mwishimira ubwoko bwacu bw'umutaka w'imvura nkuko natwe twishimira kuwukora!
Amasoko:
Crawford, TS Amateka y'Umutuku. Taplinger Publishing, 1970.
Stacey, Brenda. Ibyiza n'ibibi by'Imiburo. Alan Sutton Publishing, 1991.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Kamena-13-2022