Polyvinyl chloride (ubundi kandi: poly (vinyl chloride), ikoreshwa mu buryo bwa "colloquial": polyvinyl, cyangwa "vinyl"; mu magambo ahinnye: PVC) ni polymer ya gatatu ku isi ikorwa cyane mu buryo bwa "synthetic polymer" (nyuma ya polyethylene na polypropylene). Toni miliyoni 40 za PVC zikorwa buri mwaka.
PVC iza mu buryo bubiri bw'ibanze: ikomeye (rimwe na rimwe isobanurwa nka RPVC) n'iyoroheje. Imiterere ikomeye ya PVC ikoreshwa mu bwubatsi bw'imiyoboro no mu bikorwa nk'inzugi n'amadirishya. Ikoreshwa kandi mu gukora amacupa ya pulasitiki, amapaki atari ibiribwa, impapuro zo gupfuka ibiribwa n'amakarita ya pulasitiki (nk'amakarita ya banki cyangwa ubunyamuryango). Ishobora koroshywa kandi ikoroha cyane iyo hongewemo ibyuma bitera pulasitiki, ikoreshwa cyane ari phthalate. Muri ubu buryo, ikoreshwa kandi mu byuma bitanga amazi, insinga z'amashanyarazi, uruhu rw'ibishushanyo, hasi, ibyapa, inyandiko za phonografi, ibikoresho bihumeka, n'ibindi byinshi aho isimbura rabha. Hamwe n'ipamba cyangwa imyenda, ikoreshwa mu gukora karavani.
Polyvinyl chloride nziza ni ikintu cy'umweru kandi cyoroshye gushonga. Ntishobora gushonga mu alukolo ariko ishongesha gato muri tetrahydrofuran.
PVC yakozwe mu 1872 n'umumeyi w'Umudage Eugen Baumann nyuma y'iperereza n'igerageza rirambuye. Iyi polymer yagaragaye nk'ikintu cy'umweru kiri mu icupa rya vinyl chloride ryari ryarasigaye ku gisenge gikingiwe n'izuba mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bine. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, umumeyi w'Umurusiya Ivan Ostromislensky na Fritz Klatte bo mu ruganda rw'imiti rwo mu Budage rwa Griesheim-Elektron bombi bagerageje gukoresha PVC mu bicuruzwa by'ubucuruzi, ariko ingorane mu gutunganya polymer ikomeye, rimwe na rimwe icika intege zaburijemo imbaraga zabo. Waldo Semon na BF Goodrich Company bateguye uburyo mu 1926 bwo gushyira PVC muri pulasitiki bayivanga n'ibindi bintu bitandukanye, harimo no gukoresha dibutyl phthalate mu 1933.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-09-2023