Iyo ivuga ku igeragezwa ry’umusemburo, akenshi tugira ibizamini bizwi cyane.
1. Amahame y'ingenzi y'umutekano asabwa mu karere
1.1 Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi n’Ubwongereza (Isoko Rikuru ry’Imitako yo Kohereza mu mahanga)
EN 13830:2018 Imitako n'imirasire - Ibisabwa mu mutekano n'uburyo bwo gupima
Amabwiriza agenga umutekano w’umubiri w’i Burayi ku mitaka ipfunyika mu ntoki, imitaka miremire ya golf na parasoli zo kuri patio
- Ikizamini cy'inkombe n'amanota:Nta gupfuka, imitwe isongoye ku mbavu, imigozi cyangwa ibikoresho bya pulasitiki kugira ngo hirindwe gucika/gutobora.
- Ikizamini cyo gufungura/gufunga umunaniro:Ifunze/funga byihuse ifunze inshuro 500–1000 idafunze neza, idakora neza cyangwa ngo ibice byayo bivunike.
- Imbaraga zo gukurura imbavu:Imbavu ntizishobora gucika bitewe n'imbaraga zagenwe zo gukurura; imbaho za fiberglass ziremereye cyane kurusha imbaho z'icyuma.
- Ubudahangarwa bwo gukurura umufuka:Imigozi ntigomba gutandukana bitewe n'imbaraga zihagaze. UK ikurikiza EN 13830 isa na UKCA aho gukoresha CE post-Brexit.
Amabwiriza ya REACH (Kuyubahiriza ihame ry’ubutabire, itegeko ry’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi/Ubwongereza)
Ipfuka igitambaro cyo hejuru, ibice bitwikiriye, imbavu z'icyuma, imikandara ya pulasitiki, wino zacapwe:
- Kugabanya SVHC (Ibintu Bihangayikishije Cyane):Formaldehyde, phthalate, ibyuma biremereye (lead, cadmium), azo colors, ibintu bigabanya umuriro.
- Icapiro ry'imyenda n'iry'umukara/ifeza rikoreshwa mu gusiga UV bigomba gutsinda ibizamini ntarengwa byo kwimuka ku binyabutabire by'uburozi.
1.2 Amahame ngenderwaho y'Isoko rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
CPSC na CPSIA (Umutekano w'Abana n'Abakuze)
- 16 CFR 1303:Umupfundikizo ukomeye w'icyuma/plastiki ku bice byose byasizwe irangi (≤90ppm icyuma cyose cy'icyuma).
- Ikizamini cy'ibice bito ku bijyanye n'imitaka y'abana: Nta ngaruka nto zishobora gukurwaho ku bakoresha bari munsi y'imyaka itatu.
Californiya Proposition 65 (Prop 65)
Ibirango by'uburinzi bisabwa niba ibicuruzwa birimo kanseri zanditse ku rutonde (ibyuma biremereye, imiti imwe n'imwe ihumanya). Ibicuruzwa byinshi byoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bwongereza/EU na byo byubahiriza amategeko kugira ngo bigurishe ibicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka ya Amerika.
2. Ibizamini bya laboratwari ku mikorere y'imyenda y'ingenzi
2.1 Ikizamini cy’amazi – Umutwe ukoresha amazi (ISO 811)
Ipima imbaraga z'umuvuduko w'amazi ku mwenda wo mu gisenge:
- Imitaka isanzwe y'imvura:≥3000 mm H₂O (nta mazi asohoka mu gihe cy'umuvuduko w'amazi uhoraho)
- Amasamburo meza cyane adapfa gushyuha/arinda umuyaga:≥5000–8000 mm H₂O
- Ihame ry'ikizamini:Umuvuduko w'amazi ugenda wiyongera buhoro buhoro kugeza igihe ugaragara ku buso bw'imbere bw'igitambaro. Polyester ya pongee ipfutse PU ni yo ikoreshwa cyane.
2.2 Ikizamini cya UPF (UPF) cy'Uburinzi bwa UV
| Igisanzwe | Icyiciro | Igipimo cya UV Block | Akarere gakurikizwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS/NZS 4399 | UPF50+ | ≥98% | AU, NZ, imitaka y'izuba yo ku rwego rw'isi |
| AATCC 183 | UPF50+ | ≥98% | Amerika, Amerika ya Ruguru |
| Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi wasabwe | Uburebure bwa UPF30 | ≥96.7% | I Burayi: imitaka ibiri ikoreshwa mu mvura y'izuba |
Ibikoresho byo gupima: spectrophotometer yo gupima UV ipima ubunini bwa 290–400nm UVA/UVB. Ibikoresho by'umukara bitwikiriye bitanga UPF iri hejuru kuruta umwenda wa feza cyangwa utari utwikiriye.
2.3 Ibipimo byo kwihuta kw'amabara (Urutonde rwa ISO 105)
- ISO 105-B02:Ubushyuhe bworoheje (kwigana izuba rirerire ryo hanze; imitaka yo kwamamaza yacapwe isaba urwego rwa ≥4)
- ISO 105-X12:Gusukura vuba (ikizamini cyo gusukura cyumye/gitose kugira ngo harebwe niba wino irasukuye ku bisenge byacapwe ku buryo bwihariye) Ni ingenzi ku masoko yo mu Bwongereza/EU afite ikirere kirekire cy'imvura, izuba rike ariko gifite ubushyuhe bwinshi.
3. Ibizamini by'ibanze by'ubudahangarwa bw'imashini
3.1 Ikizamini cyo kurwanya umuyaga (Porotoli ya Laboratwari yihariye + GB/T 31895 reference)
Kwigana umuyaga mwinshi unyura mu mazi (ni ingenzi ku miterere y'imvura nyinshi mu Bwongereza):
- Fungura umutaka wose, shyiramo imbaraga z'umuyaga utambitse buhoro buhoro.
- Imitaka y’imbaho ya fiberglass imeze neza irakira mu buryo bwikora nyuma yo guhinduka igice nta gupfunyika cyangwa kuvunika burundu.
- Imbavu z'icyuma zihendutse zikunze kwangirika cyangwa kuvunika iyo hari imiyaga iri hagati y'inkombe z'Ubwongereza.
3.2 Urugendo rwo Gufungura no Gusoza Umunaniro
- Imitaka ipfunyika n'intoki:Inzira 1000 zo gufungura zidapfutse, nta gucika kw'inyuma, imbavu zifunguka cyangwa ngo igicucu gitere.
- Imfuruka zifunga byihuse:Nibura uruziga 800; uburyo bwo mu mpeshyi bugomba kugumana ubushyuhe buhamye mu gihe cy'ubukonje bw'itumba (mu Bwongereza hagati ya 4–8°C imvura y'itumba).
- Ikizamini cyo gukurura:Kura urubavu rumwe kugira ngo upime umutwaro wo gusenya; urubavu rwa fiberglass rufite imbaraga zo gusenya inshuro 2-3 kurusha urubavu rw'icyuma rufite ubunini bungana.
- Ikizamini cyo gusukura umunyu mu buryo burwanya ingese (ISO 9227):Ni ngombwa mu Bwongereza kugira ngo ikirere cy’ubushuhe bwinshi kibeho. Imbavu z’icyuma zigaragaza ingese mu gihe gito cyo gutera umunyu; fiberglass yuzuye ipima umunyu mu gihe kirekire nta ngeso mbi ifite.
- Amabwiriza y'umutekano afite impande zose z'imbavu; nta mipfundikizo y'icyuma gityaye.
- Ikizamini cyo gutakaza ibice bito cyane kugira ngo hirindwe ibyago byo kurambirwa.
- Kugabanya urugero rw'imyenda n'ibitambaro by'icyuma gikomeye bikoreshwa n'abana.
- Ikizamini cya ASTM F3512 cy’imiterere y’umuyaga wose gifite ishingiro ripima uburemere.
- Ikizamini cyo gukandagira umutwaro w'inkingi yo hagati kugira ngo hirindwe ko umuyoboro ugwa mu gihe cy'imvura nyinshi n'umuyaga mwinshi.
3.3 Imbaraga z'ibikoresho by'urubaho n'imbavu
4. Ibizamini byihariye by'inyongera
4.1 Amasambu y'abana (Ingingo yihariye ya EU BS / US CPSC)
4.2 Imbunda nini zo mu ibaraza/Golf
5. Incamake y'ikimenyetso cy'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko cyo kohereza mu mahanga
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Ikimenyetso cya CE
Isoko ry'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi (byemewe na EN 13830 + REACH)
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UKCA Mark
Ubwongereza nyuma ya Brexit (ibipimo bimwe bya EN 13830, icyemezo gitandukanye)
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Icyemezo cya CPSC
Amasamburo y'abantu bakuru n'abana bo muri Amerika
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Ikirango cya Prop 65
Kaliforuniya, muri Amerika
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Ikimenyetso cyemewe na UPF
Ni ngombwa niba wandika "UV Protection" ku gisenge cya AU/EU/US
Muri rusange,Ikizamini cya REACH, ENikunzwe cyane ku isoko ry'i Burayi,CA65ni ku isoko rya Amerika.
Ushobora kohereza imitaka kuriSGS, TUV, BVimirimo yo gukora ibi bizamini.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-18-2026