Umunsi w'ibiti by'ibiti mu Bushinwa

Repubulika y'Ubushinwa

Umunsi w’ibiti washinzwe n’umuhanga mu by’amashyamba Ling Daoyang mu 1915, ukaba ari umunsi mukuru gakondo muri Repubulika y’Ubushinwa kuva mu 1916. Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubucuruzi ya leta ya Beiyang yizihizaga bwa mbere Umunsi w’ibiti mu 1915 ku gitekerezo cy’umuhanga mu by’amashyamba Ling Daoyang. Mu 1916, guverinoma yatangaje ko intara zose za Repubulika y’Ubushinwa zizizihiza umunsi umwe n’iserukiramuco rya Qingming, ku ya 5 Mata, nubwo hari itandukaniro mu mihindagurikire y’ikirere mu Bushinwa, ari ku munsi wa mbere w’igihembwe cya gatanu cy’izuba cya kalendari gakondo y’izuba y’Abashinwa. Kuva mu 1929, ku itegeko rya guverinoma y’igihugu, Umunsi w’ibiti wahinduwe uba ku ya 12 Werurwe, kugira ngo hibukwe urupfu rwa Sun Yat-sen, wari warashyigikiye cyane gutera amashyamba mu buzima bwe. Nyuma y’aho guverinoma y’Ubushinwa yimukiye muri Tayiwani mu 1949, ibirori byo kwizihiza Umunsi w’ibiti ku ya 12 Werurwe byarakomeje.

Repubulika y'Abaturage b'Ubushinwa

Muri Repubulika y'Abaturage y'u Bushinwa, mu nama ya kane y'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Gatanu y'Igihugu y'Abaturage y'u Bushinwa mu 1979, yemeje umwanzuro wo gutangiza gahunda yo gutera ibiti ku bushake mu gihugu hose. Uyu mwanzuro washyizeho umunsi w'ibiti, na wo ku ya 12 Werurwe, kandi wavugaga ko buri muturage ufite ubushobozi hagati y'imyaka 11 na 60 agomba gutera ibiti bitatu kugeza kuri bitanu ku mwaka cyangwa gukora imirimo ingana mu gutera ingemwe, guhinga, kwita ku biti, cyangwa izindi serivisi. Inyandiko zishyigikira zitegeka inzego zose gutanga raporo ku mibare y'abaturage muri komite zishinzwe gutera amashyamba zo mu gace runaka kugira ngo zihabwe akazi. Abashakanye benshi bahitamo gushyingiranwa umunsi ubanziriza umunsi mukuru ngarukamwaka, kandi batera igiti kugira ngo bagaragaze intangiriro y'ubuzima bwabo hamwe n'ubuzima bushya bw'igiti.